Mrs. McBreairty - Norridgewock Grade 5

ANIMALS WITHOUT A BACKBONE
                                  Pages 26- 55
                        There are 6 groups of Invertebrates.

Scientist classify animals into groups by features that are alike.

Sponges   (Simple invertebrate)

*have pores to get food (have a threadlike whip that moves                                      water and helps filter the food)
        *skeleton can be hard or soft
        *most live in saltwater (some in freshwater)
        *come in different shapes, colors and sizes
        *can be hard or soft
        *adults stay in one place
        *attach to rocks or other objects

Animals with Stinging Cells     (Hydra, Jellyfish and Sea anemone)
      
        *Hydra live in fresh water
        *Jellyfish and Sea Anemone live in salt water
        *shaped like a hollow sac
        *Hydra & Jellyfish have tentacles
        *use stinging cells to catch their prey
        *Portuguese man-of-war is like a jelly fish

Worms      There are 3 types of Worms

        Flat   (Simplest worm)
                * live in streams and ponds
                *planarian has simple brain and eye spots
                        *not a parasite
                *regenerate (regrow)
                *parasite -feeds on host (Tapeworm)
                *do not have a digestive system
                *tapeworm depends on host (such as humans)

        Round
                *long tube shaped body with a digestive system
                *most live in soil  but some live inside others
                *parasites depend on a host (dog)

      


        Segmented  (earthworm)
                *most complex
                *series of rings and hearts that pump blood
                *has a digestive system
                *has bristles to help it move
                *lives in soil

Animals with Spiny Skin  ~  Echinoderms
              
                *Starfish, Sand dollars, Sea Cucumber, Sea Urchins
                *live in the ocean
                *body is hard and covered with spines
                *has a tube foot with a sucker at the end
                        *helps them move along the bottom of the ocean
                        * helps them pry apart mussels, clams and oysters
                *they can regenerate (regrow)

Animals with a Soft Body    (Mollusks)

                *more complex than an echinoderm
                *more complex system for pumping blood
                *Some mollusks have 2 shells, 1 piece shell or no shell
                *2 Shelled (Clam, oysters, scallops)
                        *have a muscle that opens & closes the shell
                        * has a foot for moving and digging
                *1 Shelled (Snail, Limpets, periwinkles)
                        *have a muscular foot that gives off slime
                *No Shell (Slugs, Squid, Octopus)
                        *slugs have a muscular foot that gives off slime
                        *squid & octopus protect themselves by using ink      
                                *have long tentacles lined with suckers
                                        *help them catch food

Animals with Jointed Legs     ~   Arthropods
      
                *Segmented body and jointed legs
                        *body can have 2 or 3 segments
                *exoskeleton -a hard outer covering that protects them
                *well developed sense organs
                *head with special mouth parts
                *4 groups
                        *Millipede/Centipede
                                *Millipede
                                        *means “1,000 thousands of legs”
                                        *eats plants
                                 *Centipede
                                        *means “100 hundreds of legs”
                                        *eats other animals
                                        *pair of poison claws near mouth to get food
                        *Crustaceans (Shrimp, Lobsters, Crayfish)
                                *Shrimp & Lobsters live in saltwater
                                *Crayfish live in fresh water
                                *five pair of legs
                                *two main body parts
                              
                        *Spiders, ticks & mites
                                *four pair of legs
                                *two main body parts
                                *kill insects that are a problem for people
                                *Ticks & Mites are parasites feed off blood of host
                                *Ticks carry disease to pets & people

                        *Insects
                                *largest group
                                *3 pair of legs
                                *3 parts to the body
                                        *head
                                        *abdomen -rear part
                                        *thorax - middle part
                                                *wings & legs are attached here
                                *compound eyes
                                        *thousands of lenses
                                *antennae -feelers
                                        *help smell, feel, taste and hear
                                *special mouth parts
                                        *formed for chewing, sucking or piercing
                                        *depends on food it eats
                                *exoskeleton
                                        *does not grow
                                        *molts -sheds the outer covering
                                *helpful
                                        *some eat other insects (ladybug)
                                        *are food for fish, birds, frogs & animals
                                *harmful
                                        *boll weevil - eats cotton crops
                                        *termites -live in wood & destroy homes
                                        *carry disease- mosquitoes carry malaria
                                      

Classify- to arrange in groups by features that are alike.

Vertebrae -the small bones that are linked together to make a backbone.

Vertebrate - an animal with a backbone.

Invertebrate - an animal without a backbone.

Sponge - an invertebrate with a simple body that contains many small             holes.

Pores - the small holes in the body of a sponge.

Tentacle - a long, armlike part of an animal with stinging cells.

Stinging Cells - a special structure used to help capture food. 

Planarian - a common flatworm found in fresh water.

Organ - a body part that does a certain job.

Regenerate - to regrow.

Parasite - an  animal or palnt that depends on and harms another plant or             animal.

Host - an animal or plant on which a parasite depends.

Roundworm - a worm that has a lng tube-shaped body with a digestive             system.

Segmented worm - a worm whoses body is divided into segments or             sections.

Bristles - a stiff, strong hair used for moving.

Echinoderm - a spiny-skinned invertebrate that lives in the ocean.

Tube foot - a hollow structure with a sucker at the end.

Mollusk - an invertebrate with a soft body.  Some have 2 outer shells. some live in 1 piece shell others have no shells.

Arthropod - an invertebrate that has a segmented body and jointed legs.

Exoskeleton - the hard outer covering that is like a skeleton on the outside         of  the animal’s body.

Millipede - thousand  (1,000) legs

Centipede - hundred (100) legs

Crustaceans - Shrimps, lobsters and crayfish that live in water, have 2             main body parts and 5 pair of legs.

Abdomen - the rear part of an insect’s body

Thorax - the middle part of an insect’s body

Antennae - two feelers that help the insect smell and feel.  Sometimes they             are used for tasting and hearing.

 Molt - shed the outer covering